Vehicle Litigation and Expert Witness Articles

How Do Air Brakes Work in Heavy Vehicles?

Heavy-duty trucks, buses, and RVs need powerful brakes. Air brakes use compressed air instead of hydraulic fluid to stop these big vehicles.
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What Are They and What Do They Do in a Commercial Vehicle?

An axle is either a rotating shaft or fixed beam connecting two wheels. Powered axles send torque to the wheels. Unpowered ones just hold weight and keep wheels aligned.
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How Airbag Deployment Systems Work: Sensors, Timing, and Data Recording

Airbag systems protect occupants during crashes. They reduce injury severity in certain collision types.
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Out-of-service criteria (OOSC) for Commercial Trucks in 2025

Every year, the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance reviews and updates the North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria.
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How Are Emissions Regulated in a Commercial Truck?

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets emission standards for commercial trucks. It also enforces these rules nationwide.
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What Is the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act?

The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act became federal law in 1975. It protects consumers by making warranty terms clear and fair.
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What Is a Hydraulic Brake System?

A hydraulic brake system transfers pedal force to the wheels through pressurized fluid in a sealed system.
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What Does Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Mean for Cars?

Have you ever been told you need “OEM parts” for a repair and wondered what that means? It comes up often in auto shops and parts stores.
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What is a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR)?

A driver vehicle inspection report (DVIR) is a formal record that certifies a driver has inspected their commercial motor vehicle (CMV).
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Torque Converters Explained: Operation, Failure Signs, and Inspection Relevance

Automatic vehicles use a torque converter to link the engine and transmission. It sits between the engine’s flexplate and the transmission input shaft.
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